... for a new gas pipeline system under the Caspian Sea to deliver up to 110 billion cubic meters of Russian gas annually to Iran and further to South Asian and Middle Eastern markets. “South Asia and the Middle East are markets with untapped demand. Gas consumption in these regions is often limited by supply constraints,” Gromov notes. “This effectively involves creating a ‘Caspian Stream’ system to replace the Nord Streams. However, this project can only be realized if Azerbaijan or Turkmenistan ...

... Furthermore, Socar often acts as a trader, selling not only Azerbaijani gas but also gas from other sources. Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that Ukraine may ultimately purchase from Socar surplus Russian gas in Turkey,” adds Yushkov. In 2024, Ukraine's gas consumption reached 19.9 billion cubic meters, while production was around 18.1 billion cubic meters, notes Sergey Tereshkin, CEO of Open Oil Market. This year, Ukraine has further increased its dependence on imported gas. For instance, in February, imports ...

... including coal, to strengthen U.S. energy independence. Thus, American fuel companies and coal mines have been incentivized to ramp up production. Experts note that the return to coal is not only seen in the U.S. In several large developing countries, coal consumption remains high, compensating for limitations on gas or oil. Simultaneously, the sector for renewable energy sources (RES) — wind and solar — continues to grow; however, their intermittency compels governments to maintain coal generation as a reserve for peak load situations. The International ...

...? Let's figure out what opportunities and risks this idea hides and how replacing Russian LNG with American LNG will affect the European market and investors. The current situation with LNG consumption in Europe Europe is actively increasing its LNG consumption, especially after the 2022 energy crisis caused by the restriction of Russian gas supplies. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), in 2023, LNG import volumes to Europe exceeded 140 billion cubic meters, with more than 20% of these supplies coming from Russia. Europe's technical capacity to receive LNG is still limited,...

... expanding distribution networks in remote regions, including the Far East, North Caucasus and Siberia. Gasification programs are aimed at connecting new homes and businesses, improving population access to gas. Electric power and heating: Investments in gas turbine power plants ensure reliable power supply to industrial enterprises and residential buildings. Improvement of centralized heating infrastructure reduces coal consumption and increases energy efficiency. 5. Technological and innovative developments Gazprom relies on advanced technologies that increase the efficiency and environmental safety of its operations. Digitalization and automation: The introduction ...