... risks associated with investing in startups, ways to minimize them, as well as the specifics of evaluating startups at early stages. For a better understanding, examples will be given, including the Open Oil Market startup, to show how to approach the assessment and risk mitigation when investing in promising projects. Main risks of investing in startups 1. Financial risk Financial risk is associated with the possibility that the startup will not be able to achieve positive cash flow and will become unprofitable....

... risks (liquidity, informational opacity, IPO delays). In a favorable scenario, an investor could realize substantial gains upon the company’s public debut or through a sale to a strategic investor. However, in an unfavorable outcome, there remains a risk of prolonged capital stagnation or loss of investments. How Investors Should Assess the Prospects of Pre-IPO Deals Before investing, thorough analysis of both the business and the terms of the upcoming deal is essential. Key aspects for evaluation include: Fundamental business metrics. Assess the company's financial metrics: revenue ...

... price index, meaning it reflects changes in stock prices, not their fundamental value. This index, formerly known as the MICEX Index, provides investors with valuable information about the general trend in the Russian stock market, allowing them to assess the risks and potential returns on their investments. Moreover, the dynamics of IMOEX influence the general perception of the state of the Russian economy and the attractiveness of investing in Russian assets for both domestic and foreign investors. IMOEX ...

... transparency and trust in the market increase, secondary offerings become a common occurrence: they enhance capitalization and liquidity in the sector. Investors should keep in mind that while participating in an SPO can be beneficial, it always carries market risks. The decision to purchase should be based on an analysis of the offering conditions, the issuer's financial indicators, and the overall market situation. A balanced approach and sound assessment will enable the use of SPOs as one of the effective tools in shaping an investment portfolio. Thus, secondary share offerings serve as a link between business financing needs and investors looking for new investment opportunities. With a proper ...

... Sharpe et al.). A more academic book, which is a textbook on financial investments. It sets out the basics of both fundamental analysis and portfolio management. The reader will find an analysis of various types of financial instruments, methods for assessing the value of shares and bonds, as well as a description of the efficient market, risk management and other important concepts. Suitable for those who want to systematize knowledge and understand the theoretical foundations of asset valuation. Each of these books is valuable in its own way. By studying the experience and recommendations ...