... significant portion of capitalization is concentrated in traditional sectors – oil and gas, metals, and the banking sector. The low presence of IT, small business, and innovative companies in the market diminishes its appeal as a source of long-term investments. For private and institutional investors, this translates into heightened risks from sectoral dependency. High Costs and Complexity of IPOs. For issuers, going public involves substantial expenses (preparation of the prospectus, underwriting services, auditing,...

... development. For a startup, a grant is a way to get money without selling a share, and for an investor, grant support reduces risks (the company becomes more mature without being diluted). Indirectly, this also stimulates venture investments - after grants, private investments are often attracted for further growth. Innovation clusters and technology parks. Special zones have been created in Russia where startups receive preferential conditions. For example, the Skolkovo center is an innovation cluster whose residents ...

... through brokers dealing with closed placements. Access to such transactions is available to qualified investors and, within certain limits, to non-qualified (retail) investors. However, restrictions apply in Russian markets: without qualified status, a private investor can invest only limited amounts (typically up to several hundred thousand rubles) and only after passing a special test. The preparation of a pre-IPO deal involves several stages: Pre-investment analysis (due diligence). The investor evaluates the company's ...

There are several types of investment based on the form of ownership. Government investments occur when state-owned enterprises allocate funds to a project. The foreign type involves investments from non-residents. Private investment refers to funds contributed by individuals. Different types of investments can be distinguished based on ownership structure. Government investments occur when state-owned enterprises allocate resources to a project. Foreign investments refer ...

... 1kx differentiates itself from competitors by actively collaborating with incubators to provide startups not only with capital but also with expert resources for rapid growth. 10. Mechanism Capital: Infrastructure and Finance Mechanism Capital (Avg. Private ROI: 2.33x) makes moderately cautious investments: Magicblock (Infrastructure, Seed $7.5M): A unified platform for developing smart contracts in various languages. Mirial Labs (Infrastructure, Seed $4M): Focused on accelerating transactions and reducing gas costs. DeFi.app (DeFi, Seed $2M): ...