... to significant price fluctuations. Underestimation or Overestimation Risks: Investors are at risk if the stock is inaccurately valued. Lock-up Period: Some markets impose a time frame during which key investors and insiders cannot sell their shares. IPO as a Strategic Business Development Stage For a company, an IPO is not only an opportunity to raise capital but also a chance to enhance its visibility and attract new customers. Companies utilize the funds raised during the IPO for production expansion, product improvement,...

... railroads, and financial corporations required substantial funds for expansion. IPOs of well-known companies were held on the London Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange (established in the late 18th century). By the 20th century, the practice of IPOs spread to all developed markets: corporations from various sectors (technology, industry, finance) regularly raised funds through primary issuances. A particular boom in IPOs occurred at the end of the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s, when numerous internet and ...

... funds for logistics development, opening new outlets, and implementing digital technologies. An example of a successful placement was the IPO of a retail leader that raised more than 10 billion rubles. Financial Sector: Banks and insurance companies use IPOs to strengthen their positions and develop new products, such as fintech solutions. What to Expect in 2025 Experts predict that 2025 may surpass 2024 in terms of the number of IPOs and the amount of funds raised. According to the Central Bank’s estimates, over 500 Russian companies are ...

... raised are directed towards business expansion and development, which is a positive sign for investors. Conversely, a Cash-Out indicates that shareholders intend to sell their stakes, which may raise concerns among potential stock buyers. Open Oil Market Development Strategy: From Pre-IPO to Full IPO At Open Oil Market , I initially adopted a strategy of entering the market through pre-IPO , perceiving significant opportunities to attract investors during the active development phase. This step helps us secure the necessary financial backing ...

Pre-IPO and IPO procedures are critical stages in the development of a company that plans to go public and raise capital. However, despite the common goal of attracting investments, these processes have significant differences that are important for both companies and investors to understand. In this article,...