... SPO and an IPO is that an IPO is the first introduction of a company to the stock exchange, while an SPO occurs only after the securities are already in circulation. Depending on the situation, the second offering can involve both the issuance of new shares (additional issuance) to raise capital and the public sale of securities by existing shareholders. An SPO allows a company to expand its shareholder base and attract funding, while investors gain access to purchase shares at a fixed price. In Russia, secondary offerings ...

... constituted 12% of the authorized capital. The successful IPO enabled the company to raise capital for development and bolster its position in the Russian market of genetic research, as well as for further advancements in biotechnology. 2. Objectives of the Additional Share Issuance According to the company's statement, the SPO is aimed at raising additional capital that will be allocated to the following key areas: Development of Genetic Services: Investments will enhance and expand the current services offered by the company,...

... Simultaneously, the company expanded its credit line with Coinbase to $200 million – akin to Riot – to finance growth without additional stock issuance. CleanSpark's CEO Zach Bradford noted that “a more effective way to enhance shareholder value is to balance the monetization ... ... retaining all produced BTC. In March, CleanSpark mined 706 BTC and sold only 14 BTC from this amount, but starting in April, the share of sold coins will increase. Nonetheless, the company clearly intends to maintain a significant portion of its production ...

..., akin to that of a mutual fund with share issuance/redemption, maintains the peg to $1. In 2024–2025, the volumes of USDT issuance significantly exceeded redemption volumes, reflecting an influx of new capital. Key periods of supply growth typically ... ... include about 80% in highly liquid assets (predominantly US Treasury securities—T-bills), a portion in cash and deposits, a share in secured loans, and minor investments in other assets (e.g., Tether acknowledged holding a small percentage of reserves in gold and Bitcoin as additional diversification, along with investing part of profits). The shift toward a focus on Treasury bonds occurred after 2021 ...

... pay for fees and smart contract operations. Essentially, ETH is “fuel” for the entire ecosystem of Ethereum applications. Additionally, investors view ether as a valuable asset in its own right: as the platform’s usage grows, demand for ETH increases.... ..., and is the leader among platform blockchains. As of April 2025, Ethereum remains indispensable for the DeFi sphere and the issuance of NFTs: the lion's share of smart contracts and tokenized assets operates on it. After the transition to Proof-of-Stake and other upgrades (like ...