... excise tax is intended for refineries where the output of oil products is at least 75% of the volume of crude oil processed. Refineries with a ratio below 75% can receive the investment surcharge if the operating company, under an agreement with the regulator, commits to modernizing its facilities. According to the trading company LLC “Resource,” subsidies under the investment surcharge have nearly doubled over the past two years: while payments amounted to 106 billion rubles in 2022, they ...

... Russia, the legal framework for pre-IPO investments is only just being formed, and this creates additional risks. Changes in legislation can affect the company's activities and its profitability prospects, especially when it comes to fast-growing and regulated industries such as digital assets and fintech. An example is the situation with tightening regulation in the field of digital assets. Several Russian cryptocurrency-focused startups have faced restrictions in their business after the introduction ...

... easier to own. Similarly, easier access to Bitcoin via familiar financial channels is expected to fuel upward price pressure on the cryptocurrency. Bitcoin’s market liquidity stands to improve as well. ETFs allow investors to trade Bitcoin exposure on regulated stock exchanges. Higher trading volumes on these exchanges mean more efficient price discovery and less reliance on volatile crypto exchanges. Greater liquidity can also reduce price swings, as large transactions will have a smaller impact when ...

... fuel in Russia are increasing due to several factors. The primary reasons include a rise in global oil prices, seasonal demand fluctuations, maintenance at oil refineries, and restrictive measures on fuel exports. Inflation and changes in fuel market regulations are also playing a role. Experts predict that prices may stabilize as seasonal factors subside The Moscow Fuel Association (MTA) reported that last week, retail gasoline prices at gas stations in the capital rose by 17-18 kopecks, while diesel ...

... require continued oversight of Russian Railways (RZhD) to ensure timely deliveries, as current irregularities in rail transport disrupt fuel supply, despite adequate production levels. According to Sergey Tereshkin, CEO of the OPEN OIL MARKET platform, regulators must lift the gasoline export ban as the current restrictions will have lasted five months by December. For comparison, the previous ban, set on March 1, 2024, lasted only two and a half months, from March 1 to May 17. The purpose of the ban ...