... LNG consumption, especially after the 2022 energy crisis caused by the restriction of Russian gas supplies. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), in 2023, LNG import volumes to Europe exceeded 140 billion cubic meters, with more than 20% ... ... especially to countries with developed infrastructure for receiving LNG, such as Spain, Great Britain and the Netherlands. The sanctions imposed by the EU against Russia are gradually reducing the share of Russian gas on the market, but it has not yet been ...

... events have led to a reassessment of this strategy. The key reasons include: Freezing of Reserves: Following the imposition of sanctions against Russia, a significant portion of its currency reserves was frozen, serving as a warning to other countries about ... ... of Alternative Currencies: An increased share of assets in yuan, gold, or other currencies may alter the current structure of international transactions. Increased Volatility in Currency Markets: A loss of confidence in the dollar could lead to heightened ...

... historically high production volumes in 2025, although consumption growth is slowing significantly. According to forecasts from the International Energy Agency (IEA), global coal production this year could reach approximately 9.2 billion tons , setting a new ... ... electricity production and export revenue in the sector. Production by Russian companies remains near record levels, and amidst sanctions, the coal industry is actively reorienting towards Asian markets. The government supports exporters by investing in ...

... This helps maintain a high level of defense capability of the country. Technological independence: The development and production of our own aviation technologies reduces dependence on foreign supplies, which is especially important in the context of international sanctions and geopolitical instability. 5. Development of civil aviation UAC contributes to the development of civil aviation in Russia: Production of passenger aircraft: The company develops and manufactures modern passenger airliners, such as the MS-21,...

... interest rates, and the increased attractiveness of pre-IPO for promising companies under conditions of limited demand for conventional IPOs. Thus, the Russian pre-IPO market can be characterized as a young but rapidly evolving segment, influenced by international practices and local market conditions (sanctions, devaluation, and a tight monetary policy). Technological companies, manufacturers, and others are beginning to use pre-IPO as a development tool, mirroring the experiences of their foreign counterparts. Stages and Mechanisms of Investing in ...