... exchange-traded funds that include various bonds work and why ETFs are often used for portfolio diversification. Structured Products and Indexed Bonds. An overview of more complex instruments whose yields depend on market indicators (e.g., inflation indices or exchange rates). Government Securities and Guarantees. An article about other government securities (OFZ-N, OFZ-PD) and the role of the government as a guarantor of payments. Investing in Stocks. We will explain how bonds differ from stocks and how to combine ...

... ruble and higher import prices. Weak data may weaken the dollar, strengthening the rub Recommendations for Traders and Investors: Monitor macroeconomic indicators from Germany and the Eurozone, as they affect demand for Russian goods and the ruble's exchange rate. Pay attention to U.S. data, especially Nonfarm Payrolls and unemployment rates, as they influence the dollar and, consequently, the ruble. Analyze oil price dynamics, considering rig count data and U.S. consumer sentiment, to forecast revenues for ...

... decrease, and the demand for the ruble falls. Low prices for export goods: Russia, as an exporter of oil and gas, is faced with the fact that when prices for these resources fall, the inflow of currency into the country decreases. As a result, the ruble exchange rate falls. Central Bank Policy: Sometimes the Central Bank may deliberately devalue the ruble to make domestic goods more competitive on the international market. How does devaluation affect the Russian economy? Rising import prices: When the ruble loses ...

... countries are particularly attuned to key economic indicators and corporate earnings releases to assess the state of the economy and the profitability prospects of companies. The outcomes of these events will impact stock markets, oil prices, currency exchange rates, and overall business activity. Main Events for Monday, August 4, 2025: Closed markets in the UK (Bank Holiday) and Canada (Civic Holiday). Release of Consumer Price Index (CPI) data for Switzerland for July – 09:30 Moscow time. Release of Consumer ...

... as P/E (Price-to-Earnings), P/B (Price-to-Book), EV/EBITDA, and others, help compare a company with its industry competitors and estimate its market value. Macroeconomic Factors. Important macroeconomic indicators, such as inflation rates, interest rates, exchange rates, and GDP, can significantly influence the stock market and individual companies. News and Events. Corporate events such as mergers, acquisitions, new product launches, or changes in management can have a considerable impact on stock prices....