... 11-12% across the country. This increase, mandated by the government, is intended to help energy companies offset inflationary costs and invest in infrastructure maintenance. However, the rise in payments increases the burden on industry and households.... ... upheavals. European Gas Market: approaches winter with near-record gas reserves, reducing concerns about sharp price spikes. Russian Fuel Market: is becoming increasingly tightly regulated by the state; such "manual control" measures will likely become ...

... liter). Overall, the global petroleum products market is characterized by the absence of sharp shortages, though regional differences exist. Asian countries (e.g., Pakistan, Bangladesh, several African states) are facing difficulties due to the high cost of imported fuel – many developing economies are forced to subsidize gasoline prices to avoid social unrest. Meanwhile, in the Middle East and India, record levels of oil refining at refineries oriented towards exporting diesel and jet fuel are helping to saturate ...

... from the company. The net margin of a refinery is the value of the basket of oil products produced by the plant, minus the cost of raw materials and operating expenses, with the addition of subsidies like the reverse excise tax and damping and investment ... ... likely to remain in place in September, and their removal should be expected only as the cold season approaches, when demand for fuel in passenger vehicles starts to gradually decrease," he says. Dyachenko notes that the decision to extend the embargo ...

... facilities are full to capacity, leading to a decrease in wholesale prices which is then passed on to retail prices. Thirdly, relatively low oil prices in the first half of the year (WTI quotes are currently about 20% lower than a year ago) have reduced the costs for refiners, allowing them to partially transfer this benefit to end consumers. In parallel with the decline in fuel prices, the situation in U.S. refining has also improved. Spring maintenance at refineries has been completed, and gasoline and diesel production is at a seasonally high level. An additional factor is OPEC+ actions: the upcoming increase in oil production ...

... aim to maximize uranium fuel use, reduce waste, and enhance nuclear plant safety. Small Modular Reactors (SMR): Developing and deploying SMRs represent a promising innovation in nuclear energy. These reactors occupy less space, have lower operational costs, and are highly safe. They can be installed in remote areas or smaller countries needing stable energy sources. Closed Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Technologies to process and reuse spent uranium fuel significantly reduce radioactive waste and maximize the utility of mined uranium. Countries like France and Russia actively work on creating a closed nuclear fuel cycle, which allows for ...