... of the ruble have led to a significant boost in federal budget inflows. Tereshkin also examines the impact of international sanctions and the adaptation of the Russian economy to new conditions, emphasizing the importance of diversification and the development ... ... to Europe. According to the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas (ENTSOG), Gazprom's supplies to the EU (including transit deliveries to Serbia and North Macedonia) averaged 97 million cubic meters per day in Q1 2024 and 96 million ...

... intensifying confrontation between the U.S. and China continues to exert pressure on the global economy. Trade barriers and sanctions create additional complexities for international business. At the same time, regional conflicts and migration crises ... ... financial regulations, requiring adjustments to business strategies and investments. For instance, new carbon emissions rules in the EU could impact companies in the energy and transportation sectors. Climate Change Natural disasters and heightened awareness ...

... competition with other suppliers, who often have logistical advantages (excluding supplies to Turkey) and are not subject to sanctions. The IEA reports that declining demand has already impacted the profitability of refineries, prompting some closures ... ... 2020, the sulfur content in marine fuel used in international shipping has been capped at 0.5%, while in coastal areas of the EU and North America, the limit is just 0.1%. These restrictions affect not only fuel oil producers but also diesel suppliers,...

... external trade of South Asian countries (in comparison, in Southeast Asia, this figure stands at around 25%, while within the EU it exceeds 60%). In other words, a significant portion of the growth potential and prosperity of the region is blocked by the ... ... weapon is employed, the international community would be forced to intervene in the harshest manner—possibly even through sanctions, isolating the guilty party, or even peacekeeping operations to prevent further catastrophe. Continuation of the status ...

... cooperation, investments, and climate initiatives. The summit marks the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the EU and China, taking place against the backdrop of recent trade disagreements. Investors are watching for final statements: any ... ... demand in Russia was moderate. If Severstal reports solid profits and margins, it will confirm the industry's adaptation to sanctions and redirection of exports to new markets (Asia, Middle East). Decreasing financial indicators may signal cost pressures ...