... trading volume confirms investor interest and liquidity of the asset. Sectoral diversification: The composition of the index strives to balance the various sectors of the Russian economy in order to exclude the disproportionate influence of individual industries on the overall value of the index. Financial reporting: Companies must provide transparent and high-quality financial reporting to ensure investor confidence and the reliability of the data used to calculate the index. Regular revision of the ...

Comprehensive Overview of Secondary Public Offerings (SPO): The Reasons Companies Issue Additional Shares, the Risks and Opportunities for Investors, and How to Make Informed Decisions in Such Transactions in Both Russian and International Markets. Secondary Public Offering (SPO) Introduction: What is SPO A Secondary Public Offering (SPO) is a company's offering of shares after its Initial Public Offering (IPO). In other words, an established public company issues new shares or sells additional...

... trade negotiations are in focus: extending the tariff truce would reduce risk for the global economy, which would also positively affect energy demand. Financial Markets and Economics: Data on the state of the global economy (inflation, interest rates, industrial growth) will influence commodity markets. If large economies show signs of slowdown, this could cool oil prices and reduce fuel consumption. For now, forecasts indicate moderate growth in demand for oil (~2% per year) and gas by the end of ...

Nuclear weapons continue to be one of the most pressing issues in the modern world. In 2025, the number of warheads held by nuclear-armed states is expected to change significantly. Key players such as Russia, the USA, China, India, and Pakistan will continue to expand their nuclear arsenals, which will inevitably impact the global geopolitical landscape. From an international security perspective, the new nuclear balance could radically change the rules of the game. In this article, we will take...