... higher risks associated with the political and economic situation. Nevertheless, successful examples of pre-IPO in Russia show that even in a difficult market, companies can attract significant funds for development. It is important to take into account market features, correctly assess the company's potential and involve experienced consultants and investment banks in the process, which will help optimize the placement process. Pre-IPO is an important stage on the way to a public offering of shares. For companies, this ...

... customer base, competitive environment, and other external factors that may affect the future of the company. Business valuation is a multifaceted process that requires consideration of numerous factors and the application of various approaches. The correct choice of valuation method and thorough preparation of the company for sale can significantly boost its value and make the transaction more profitable. The company Open Oil Market , which was valued using the comparative method with OZON as a benchmark, illustrates how multiples can be applied to assess the market value of platform businesses. 4o

... market experienced a surge in prices. Concurrently, the exchange rate of the ruble to the dollar stabilized. However, the enthusiasm of many was short-lived. In the second quarter of 2019, prices plummeted by 5%. Many were puzzled: was this a crash or a correction? To complicate matters, the situation was exacerbated by issues related to contaminated oil being transported through pipelines to Europe. In 2018, the global oil market experienced a rise in prices. Concurrently, the exchange rate of the ruble against the dollar stabilized. However, many were quick to celebrate too soon. In the second quarter of 2019, the price plummeted by approximately 5%. This left many wondering ...

... provide additional obligations in addition to money (for example, mentoring, time), do the founders plan further rounds. Risks and legal aspects. Identify potential risks: technological (will the product not work at scale, will it become obsolete), market (will trends or regulations change), team (what if the key founder leaves?). Check the legal “cleanliness”: is the company registered correctly, who owns the intellectual rights to the product, are there any litigations. For a private investor, it makes sense to consult a lawyer to understand what documents need to be signed, how your share will be protected. It is also worth thinking ...

... continued overall market growth, Avalanche may gradually strengthen toward the upper end of this range or even temporarily test levels of $28–$30. At the same time, it is essential to consider an alternative (more cautious) scenario. If the cryptocurrency market experiences a correction or negative news emerges, Avalanche is likely to stay closer to the lower end of the mentioned range (around $18–$20) throughout the month. In the event of a significant deterioration in sentiment, a temporary price drop below key support ...