... shareholders. An SPO allows a company to expand its shareholder base and attract funding, while investors gain access to purchase shares at a fixed price. In Russia, secondary offerings have been used relatively recently, since the development of the stock market in the 2000s. While the approaches to organizing such offerings are similar to international ones, they also carry specific features related to Russian legislation and market structure. History and Development of Secondary Offerings Secondary offerings have developed as a logical continuation of capital market tools. In Western practice, the subsequent offering of securities has been used for ...

... instrument is available. Instrument features: Lenta stock futures allow speculators to earn on both the rise and fall of stock prices using leverage. Hedging applications: This instrument can be used to protect a portfolio from fluctuations in the company's stock price, which is especially important in conditions of market instability. Lenta occupies a unique place in the Russian retail market due to its strategic approach to development and investment. The company is not only expanding its store network, but is also actively introducing digital technologies, improving the quality of service and availability of goods for ...

... actual trading in shares only began in the mid-19th century against the backdrop of the industrial revolution. During the Soviet period, the securities market was almost nonexistent, and after the collapse of the USSR in the 1990s, the revival of the stock market began. Some large Russian companies conducted IPOs on foreign exchanges (in the U.S. and Europe), attracting foreign capital. The first IPO in the Russian market took place in 2002 when shares of a Russian company were first listed on the Moscow Exchange. From that moment ...

... further rate cuts should current trends in price deceleration persist. The Russian debt market reacted positively to the CBR's move: yields on government bonds (OFZ) have declined confidently, boosting their price and attractiveness for investors. The Russian stock market by the end of July was moving without a clearly defined trend, but the domestic backdrop is assessed as stable and favorable. The Moscow Exchange Index is consolidating near the 2850-point mark, approximately at the level of a week ago. Rate cuts ...

... in Russia is associated with a number of specific conditions, including increased requirements for disclosure of information, the need to take into account sanctions restrictions and the influence of macroeconomic factors. Unlike developed markets, Russian companies often face instability in the stock market, as well as higher risks associated with the political and economic situation. Nevertheless, successful examples of pre-IPO in Russia show that even in a difficult market, companies can attract significant funds for development. It is important ...