... Indicator that reduce its definitiveness: Interest Rates and Liquidity. The market-to-GDP ratio does not account for the level of interest rates. Low borrowing costs can support higher stock valuations: in a low-interest environment, the market is naturally traded with a larger capitalization relative to GDP. Global Revenues of Companies. The ratio only considers the U.S. GDP in the denominator, while larger businesses generate revenue globally. A significant portion of American corporations' revenue is ...

... production. At the same time, the suspension of the export ban has supported refining margins, which are currently at a comfortable level, experts from Petromarket calculated for RBC. "Margins depend heavily on the prices at which the products are traded on the domestic market. If there had been an export ban on gasoline and diesel in July, domestic prices would have been significantly lower, which would have negatively affected refining margins," say analysts from the company. The net ...

... actively issue government bonds to finance the debt, this could weaken the dollar and cause fluctuations in the currency markets. For Russia, this could be an opportunity to strengthen its international economic ties and reduce dependence on the dollar in trade relations. A weakening US currency could also have a positive effect on Russian export revenues, especially in the commodity sector. Other countries, especially those that hold significant dollar reserves, could also feel the effects of Trump's ...

... not expect high dynamics for the economy in the coming years amid external uncertainty. External Account and Oil: A more modest surplus of the current account is expected in 2025 – around $33 billion (down from $38 billion previously), and for the trade balance – $104 billion (down from $111 billion previously). The deterioration is attributed to the revision of oil prices (the baseline forecast for Urals decreased to $55 from $60 per barrel) and potential import growth. Thus, by 2027–2028,...

Underwriters play a key role in the IPO process, helping companies go public and raise capital. In this article, we will tell you who underwriters are, what functions they perform, how their choice affects the success of the placement, and what you need to pay attention to when choosing. We will also consider examples of underwriters in Russia, including the experience of FINAM in organizing a pre-IPO for Open Oil Market. Underwriters play an important role in the initial public offering (IPO)...