... bonds differ from stocks and how to combine different assets to balance returns and risks. Long-Term Investing. Tips for investments over 5–10 years: how to distribute capital among bonds, deposits, real estate, and other conservative strategies. Taxation of Bonds. We will examine the basic rules for calculating taxes on coupon income and ways to legally reduce the tax burden (e.g., through the use of IIS or tax deductions).

... an approximate estimate. Experienced investors advise entering the market gradually and not risking amounts that one cannot afford to lose. Taxes on Cryptocurrency Earning profits from cryptocurrency transactions, like any other income, is subject to taxation. In Russia, as of the writing of this article, there is no separate tax on cryptocurrency, but profits from its sale are considered personal income. Consequently, income tax (personal income tax) applies to this amount. The income tax rate is ...

... significant inventories. Major exporters—such as Australia, Indonesia, Russia, and South Africa—are maintaining stable shipment volumes. In developed countries, there continues to be a trend towards reducing coal generation: environmental regulations and taxation policies make new coal projects less attractive. However, as noted, some Asian nations are temporarily increasing coal burning to avoid purchasing expensive gas. As a result, global coal consumption is currently holding steady. IEA analysts expect ...

... possible in the short term. Risks for crypto investors continue to exist. Regulatory uncertainty has not been fully resolved globally: some countries maintain strict restrictions on cryptocurrency operations, while others are discussing new prohibitions or taxation of digital assets, which could temporarily dampen enthusiasm in the market. Additionally, in 2025, instances of hacking and fraud in crypto projects have increased — from the compromise of decentralized protocols to developers absconding with ...

... countries in Europe have improved conditions for startups through special regimes. For example, France actively supports tech companies: the government launched co-funding programs for innovation and provides tax incentives for startups (preferential taxation for investments in R&D, loans for small tech businesses, etc.). Moreover, France has streamlined labor laws for young companies (the French Tech regime). The U.K. offers investors in startups attractive tax deductions through EIS/SEIS schemes,...