... sectors are often supported by government subsidies and grants. 5. Current Assessment of the Company: Multipliers and Analytics To assess stock value, investors often utilize financial multipliers, such as: P/E (Price to Earnings): The ratio of the market price of a stock to its earnings per share. A high P/E can indicate overvaluation, while a low P/E may suggest potential undervaluation. P/B (Price to Book): Shows the ratio of the company’s market value to its book value. A value above 1 may indicate ...

... funds are typically charged (starting from 1-3% per annum and higher). This reduces the investor's overall return. Liquidity: Shares of PIFs are usually redeemed at the fund price on a weekly or monthly basis. ETFs trade continuously on the exchange at market prices, similar to stocks. Taxes: When withdrawing money from a PIF or selling an ETF, the profit is subject to PIT (13%)—the same as when selling stocks. Crowdlending (P2P Lending) Profitability: P2P lending platforms promise high rates—approximately ...

... redirecting their cargoes to other countries where gas prices are higher. This redirection of supplies has raised serious concerns in European nations that were relying on stable gas deliveries from their American partners. Reasons for Breach of Commitments Market Dynamics Change The primary reason for the redirection of supplies is the rise in LNG prices in other regions, such as Asia, where demand for energy resources is also increasing. Seeking to maximize profits, American suppliers prefer to sell gas in regions with higher margins, leading to gas shortages for Europe. Flexible Contracts with ...

... especially when the Bank of Russia increases rates. Risks and Liquidity. OFZ are considered practically risk-free regarding defaults since they are issued by the government. The risk lies in price fluctuations during trading: if the key rate rises, bond market prices drop (and vice versa). However, if held to maturity, yield is guaranteed by coupons and the return of the nominal value. A combination of long duration and high rates can provide fixed yields from bonds that are better than those from deposits....

... investment has its own characteristics. To make an informed decision, it's essential to examine the main methods in more detail. Purchase of Securities One of the most striking examples of long-term investments is the purchase of securities on the stock market. In this case, an individual buys shares at a specific price and later sells them at a different price, resulting in a decent profit. When employing this method of investment, the key is not to panic and start selling securities during price declines. It is crucial to understand that prices can fluctuate ...