... significantly depending on their location and business model: revenue can differ by up to 50 times, and profitability can vary by a factor of two. The growth of non-fuel businesses contributes to revenue increases. The rising fiscal burden on the oil business in Russia, coupled with the government's efforts to limit fuel price increases, has made the profitability of gasoline and diesel retail sales increasingly dependent on the development of additional services by gas station owners, such as ...

... Liquidity: Public shares are easier to buy and sell on the open market. Diversification: IPOs provide investors access to new companies and sectors, adding variety to their portfolios. Investment Opportunities at the Pre-IPO Stage: Example of Open Oil Market Many companies conduct pre-IPO rounds before their IPO — an excellent opportunity for investors to enter a project under advantageous terms. This round allows acquiring a stake in the company at a more attractive price before it goes public....

... its value. Let's consider the key periods and trends: Before 2008: the period is characterized, in general, by growth interrupted by short-term corrections. The dynamics were influenced by both global economic processes and internal factors, including oil prices and political stability. 2008-2009: the global financial crisis led to a sharp drop in the index, reflecting the negative impact on the Russian economy. Recovery was gradual. 2010-2014: a period of relative stabilization and growth, largely ...

... geothermal plants, wind and hydroelectric energy, biogas, and tidal energy. Producers have long recognized the potential of these areas and their economic benefits. The transition from traditional fuels to inexpensive natural sources is evident. Unlike oil and gas, these alternatives are inexhaustible, and their extraction is relatively simple and cost-effective. However, the sector is facing funding shortages. Not all countries actively invest public funds in the development of alternative energy. ...

... solid revenue and profit growth, it will confirm the recovery of the auto sector and the success of its electrification strategy. Weak results or cautious forecasts may heighten fears of market saturation and margin pressures. Eni S.p.A. – an Italian oil and gas giant releasing results for Q2 amid volatile energy prices. Investors will analyze Eni's oil and gas production volumes, as well as profitability metrics in exploration, production, and refining. In Q2 2025, Brent oil prices were stable within ...