The global financial system is facing a sea change as foreign central banks actively reduce their holdings of dollar assets. The reasons for de-dollarization are geopolitical events, such as Russia’s reserve freeze in 2022, and growing mistrust of the dollar as a reserve currency. What does this mean for ...

... between the European Union and global economic giants, the United States and China. His call for the EU to reconsider its trade policies highlights the growing tension in the international economic landscape. What risks and opportunities does this potential ... ... protect its internal market. Protectionist moves, such as high tariffs, subsidies for domestic industries, and restrictions on foreign companies, put European producers at a disadvantage. Macron suggests that without decisive action, European companies ...

... than export ones. At the same time, the ruble's exchange rate played a dual role. In the first half of 2025, the ruble weakened on average compared to the beginning of 2024, which on one hand boosts ruble revenue from export contracts (denominated in foreign currency or tied to it), but on the other, leads to currency revaluation of debt obligations and other paper losses. Therefore, the external environment in H1 2025 was complex: the macroeconomic landscape was characterized by a decline in export ...

... reformist politician Masoud Pezeshkian won the second round of the extraordinary presidential elections in Iran. The inauguration is set to take place on July 30. Pezeshkian positions himself as a "conditional reformist." Experts note that on foreign policy, he insists that Iran's foreign policy should be multivectoral and expresses confidence that Iran's fate and economy are linked to breaking free from isolation and establishing relations with the West. He supports the resumption of the ...

... serious blow to the economy. The sanctions affected key sectors and restricted access to international financial markets. Decline in Export Revenues Falling global prices for oil and gas, along with a reduction in their export, diminished the inflow of foreign currency into Russia. Monetary Policy The Central Bank maintains the key interest rate at 21%, which curtails economic activity but does not stop capital outflows. Increase in Imports The gradual recovery of demand for imported goods increased ...