... Ai-95 grade rose above 77,000 rubles/ton , breaking records and placing increased burdens on independent gas stations and consumers. The causes of the crisis are a combination of high seasonal demand and limited supply. Demand for fuel surged from the agricultural sector (harvesting campaign) and the tourism industry during summer, while supply decreased due to scheduled maintenance work at several oil refineries ( refineries ) in June and July. The situation was further exacerbated by the behavior ...

... economy. Key aspects of PPI: Focus on producers: Unlike consumer inflation (CPI), which measures price changes for the end consumer, PPI analyzes the costs of producers. Sectors: PPI covers many sectors of the economy, including manufacturing, mining, agriculture, and services. Measurement: The index is calculated based on changes in a price basket that includes raw materials, semi-finished goods, and finished goods. Why is PPI important? CPI Forecast: Since price increases at the producer level are ...

... illegal immigration and drug smuggling from these countries. These measures contradict the existing USMCA agreement, which provides for a free trade area between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. Experts believe that tariffs on dairy products from Canada and agricultural goods from Mexico could significantly impact the economies of both countries. HSE Professor Alexei Portansky described such actions as an unprecedented violation of trade agreements. Nonetheless, against the backdrop of a 25% tariff for Canada ...

... contentious, including issues concerning land claims in Alaska. Resource conflicts. Timber, minerals, and even wildlife became causes for confrontation. Economic competition. The U.S. and Canada repeatedly clashed over trade issues, particularly in agriculture and manufacturing. From Conflict to Cooperation Despite past disagreements, the U.S. and Canada have transformed their interactions into a model of successful partnership. Today, these countries actively collaborate on: Economics (NAFTA, USMCA); ...

... tariffs include: Automotive industry – particularly sensitive for Canada, South Korea, and Taiwan. Electronics and technology – the increased cost of components from Taiwan, South Korea, and Malaysia will adversely affect the global supply chain. Agricultural sector – significant consequences for importers from New Zealand, South Africa, and Canada. Consequences for Russia and CIS Countries Although Russia and CIS countries are not directly affected by the new tariffs, the consequences may manifest ...