... also set the tone for operational results. Sanctions and the political environment after 2022 led to conventional sales markets (Europe) being effectively closed: gas exports to the EU via pipelines fell to historical lows. For example, transit through Ukraine, which had been contracted until the end of 2024, virtually ceased in 2025. The main external market has become China—supplies via the Power of Siberia pipeline continued to increase, although their volumes are still incomparable to previous ...

... intensified dialogue with India to eliminate trade barriers, easing global market tensions. Geopolitical risks and sanctions uncertainty. U.S. President Donald Trump has intensified rhetoric against Moscow, issuing an ultimatum to resolve the conflict in Ukraine within about 10 days. He threatened to impose 100% tariffs on Russian exports and secondary sanctions against buyers of Russian oil if there is no progress. These statements raise uncertainty over future supplies and add a "risk premium" ...

... of gasoline and jet fuel in major economies, further fueling oil demand. Geopolitical risks and sanctions. The U.S. administration is ramping up pressure on Moscow. At the end of July, President Donald Trump shortened the deadline for resolving the Ukraine conflict: an ultimatum (~10 days) expires on August 8, and the president indicated he is "unconcerned" about potential negative market reactions to new stringent measures against Russia. This pertains to the imposition of 100% tariffs ...

... Stability of Foreign Policy Situation The early directives of the new US administration do not directly impact Russia, reducing tension and supporting the ruble's exchange rate. Geopolitical Improvements The prospects of upcoming negotiations regarding Ukraine are lowering the risk premium and boosting investor confidence in the Russian currency. Actions of the Central Bank From January 15 to February 6, the Bank of Russia is increasing currency interventions in the market as part of its budgetary regulations,...

... EU starts filling its underground gas storage facilities before the new heating season," he said. He noted that this year, attention is focused on geopolitics, as there is still no clarity about whether contracts for Russian gas supplies via Ukraine will be extended. A decision on this issue is expected soon, as current contracts are set to expire at the end of December. "Gas prices could rise further from current levels by the end of the season, unless there are any unforeseen events,...