... trillions of rubles. The era of coronavirus restrictions has drastically changed trade, primarily impacting B2C markets, which have multiplied in size in recent years. According to the Association of Internet Trade Companies, the online segment now accounts for around 15% of total retail sales. In the first half of 2024 alone, it grew by 41%, and the number of orders from 2022 to 2024 almost doubled. Today, anything can be bought online—from food and clothing to apartments and cars. Consumers ...

... base. Company Valuation At the Pre-IPO stage, a company is often valued at a lower price since it has not yet undergone the public offering process and may lack transparency. During the IPO, the company's valuation is typically higher as the market accounts for more comprehensive information regarding its operations and growth prospects. Liquidity Level Pre-IPO shares have low liquidity since they are not traded on public markets, and access to them is limited. IPO enhances liquidity, as shares ...

... of the aseptic packaging market in Russia. Following its exit, manufacturers were forced to seek new solutions, leading to a significant portion of packaging needs being met through imports, which drove up product prices. By 2024, Russian companies accounted for only 12% of the market, while imports constituted over a third, and the remaining positions were still held by Tetra Pak. Lambumiz intends to capture up to 10% of this market by 2028, which appears to be an ambitious yet attainable goal ...

... Eurozone economy faces serious challenges: IMF forecast points to recession risk According to the updated IMF forecast, the Eurozone economy will face a notable slowdown in growth in 2025, which may lead to a recession. The forecast does not take into account potential new tariffs from the Trump administration, which could exacerbate the situation. Key reasons for the slowdown: Weak domestic demand: High inflation continues to pressure purchasing power. Industrial decline: The manufacturing sector ...

... high value of lots: for example, 1 kg of gold currently costs over 8 million rubles. Therefore, the new mechanism is aimed at institutional and wholesale buyers, while individual investors typically prefer to invest in gold through unallocated metal accounts, exchange-traded funds, or futures rather than purchasing bars directly. National Pricing Instead of London Pricing The primary strategic goal of establishing the new exchange is to "disconnect" the Russian gold market from the price ...