... were communicated with separate hand movements. On the futures markets, distinct symbols were used for each contract's expiration month: each month of the calendar had its corresponding symbolic sign. An experienced trader could understand not only the price and volume from a combination of gestures but also which month of delivery was being referenced. From Gestures to Digits: The Digital Era and the Departing Tradition In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, trading underwent revolutionary changes with the transition to electronic systems. Gradually, open outcry trading, with its noise and gestures, gave way to electronic platforms, where deals are made at the touch of a button and information is transmitted through screens. This comparison ...

... dollars will increase in ruble terms. The downside is the lack of regular income, and price increases are not guaranteed (e.g., prices corrected downward by the beginning of 2025). Currencies (Dollar/Euro). Holding part of the funds in a strong currency ... ... risk you are willing to accept. Periodically (quarterly/yearly), it is wise to rebalance the portfolio, adjusting it to market changes and time horizon. Examples of Allocating 1 Million ₽ To illustrate, we provide conditional examples of portfolios with ...

... price and quantity desired by the investor. Based on the submitted bids, the total demand is calculated, and if it exceeds the planned volume, bids with the lowest prices are eliminated. In the case of a limited number of bids or a low proposed purchase price, the issuer may only fulfill part of the requests, selling any remaining bonds on the secondary market or announcing a failed issuance. On the secondary market, bonds change hands multiple times. The subject of acquisition is the right to claim from the issuer the payment of the bond's value and the associated interest. For individuals to access the market, it is necessary to enter into a contract with a specialized ...

... susceptible to instability. Asset Classes for Investing in an Unstable Market Different asset classes may react differently to changes in the economy. Let’s examine the primary ones: Stocks Stocks are traditionally regarded as high-risk assets, but during ... ... in dividend stocks. Companies that pay stable dividends can provide passive income that partially offsets declines in stock prices. Focusing on "blue-chip" stocks. These are shares of large, established companies with high market capitalization ...

... exaggerate overvaluation by comparing a global market to a local economy. Structural Changes in the Economy. The modern economy has changed compared to the past: digitalization, new business models, and other shifts may have raised the “normal” level of ... ... reached unimaginable heights, undeniably sends a warning to the market. In the past, such a strong divergence between stock prices and economic reality has consistently ended in a pullback – the only question was about timing and triggers. Today's ...