... million tons, which is 2% higher than the level at the same time last year. This suggests that there should be no cause for concern. What is worrisome, however, is that exchange quotations are rising despite falling prices for Russian oil (following global trends) and regardless of the strengthening ruble. Exchange trading operates according to market laws, and the increase in quotations under current conditions can be most simply explained by a lack of supply in the trades. But the supply level ...

... period in 2023, reaching 719,300 units—approaching the pre-crisis levels of the first half of 2021 (793,400 units). Another factor driving price increases is the resumption of gasoline exports, which became effective on May 17. According to S&P Global Platts, Russia's maritime gasoline exports rose from 99,000 barrels per day (bpd) in May 2024 to 150,000 bpd in June, with gasoline's share in Russia's total maritime petroleum product exports increasing from 4% to 7%. While fuel oil and diesel ...

... price ceilings on oil and ensuring their effectiveness.” Reuters reports, confirmed by the Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, that this value will be adjusted every six months, such that the accepted price for Russian oil is 15% lower than the global benchmark. The EU is also imposing sanctions on an additional 105 vessels identified as part of Russia’s “shadow” fleet. As a result, the number of tankers prohibited from entering EU ports and deprived of a wide range of maritime services ...

... coal from Kemerovo to new markets due to the long transport distances," explains Igor Yushkov. "Redirecting coal exports from China to other markets will be difficult. On the one hand, China is the world's largest coal importer, with a global share of 29% in 2023, and no other country currently has a comparable internal market. On the other hand, neighboring India is also focusing on developing 'clean' energy: Prime Minister Modi has repeatedly stated plans to increase renewable energy ...

.... Vigilant oversight is needed to prevent manipulation and protect investors, and any surprise regulatory tightening — such as stricter bank capital requirements for crypto or unfavorable tax changes — could slow the pace of adoption. Meanwhile, global regulators’ attitudes vary; how other major economies approach crypto will influence how smoothly Bitcoin integrates into the traditional financial system. Macroeconomic conditions add another layer of uncertainty. If 2025 brings economic turbulence or shifts in interest rates, risk assets like ...