... 21%, making loans expensive. Thirdly, the uncertainty in the economic situation (geopolitical risks, high sanctions costs, and ruble volatility) complicates revenue and cash flow forecasting for target companies, increasing expected risks. Finally, investor ... ... and difficulties in repatriating profits continue to undermine market liquidity. The abrupt tightening of monetary policy has devalued a portion of assets, and heightened risks along with the burden on banks' balance sheets, including funds accumulated ...

... IPO and SPO markets declined. In the following years, moderate growth in the number of secondary offerings has been observed with the stabilization of the economy. Some stimulus also came from the increase in local and foreign investments after the ruble devaluation in 2014, as companies began seeking capital and the market adapted to new conditions. In recent years, the Russian SPO market still lags behind its international counterparts in terms of volume. This is explained by the lower share of public ...