... remain significantly below the peaks of 2022–2023. The energy geography of gas supplies to Europe has significantly changed over the past year. Below are the key changes in routes and sources: End of Transit through Ukraine: as of January 2025, Russian pipeline gas supplies through the Ukrainian gas transportation system have completely ceased after the expiration of the contract between Gazprom and Naftogaz. Southern Corridor Becomes Main Route: the only remaining operational route for Russian gas ...

... summer weather and consistently high supplies of LNG from various global regions. Against the backdrop of sanctions and geopolitical factors, the structure of gas supplies to Europe has changed significantly. Since January 2025, transit of Russian pipeline gas through Ukraine has completely ceased (after the contract with Gazprom expired). The only route for direct supplies from Russia remains the "Turkish Stream" gas pipeline and its land continuation to Southern Europe. Currently, approximately ...

....13%, along with a deep-sea port and an oil terminal with a total throughput of 58 million tons per year, as well as a network of over 6,000 gas stations. The EU is also implementing a complete ban on operations with the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 pipelines, including the supply of goods or services that would facilitate their construction, maintenance, operation, and any future use. Finally, it has been decided to revoke the import privileges for Russian oil in the Czech Republic. Czech authorities ...

... export volumes to Europe. Geopolitical factors and gas exports also set the tone for operational results. Sanctions and the political environment after 2022 led to conventional sales markets (Europe) being effectively closed: gas exports to the EU via pipelines fell to historical lows. For example, transit through Ukraine, which had been contracted until the end of 2024, virtually ceased in 2025. The main external market has become China—supplies via the Power of Siberia pipeline continued to increase,...

... Center for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) based in Finland, from December 2022 to the end of December 2024, China accounted for 47% of Russian oil exports, India for 37%, and Turkey for 6%. The export volumes from Russia to China, including pipeline and maritime shipments, amounted to 2.17 million barrels per day. India imported approximately 1.75 million bpd in the first half of 2025. Turkey, in 2024, imported around 225,000 bpd of Russian oil. According to OPEC, oil production in Russia ...