... involves several stages: Pre-investment analysis (due diligence). The investor evaluates the company's business, analyzes its financial indicators, development strategy, and competitive environment. The company and its management provide necessary data (financial reports, plans, contracts) in the form of a confidential information memorandum. At this stage, the main risks and potential returns are identified. Negotiations and agreements. Interested investors discuss the terms of the round: the amount of investment, company valuation, rights of future shareholders, and other parameters. Term sheets and key documents ...

... requirements at a central bank, independent projects would struggle to compete—resulting in market monopolization by a few large players, likely affiliated with banks. The balance of interests is still being sought in 2025: regulators aim to reduce risks for the financial system but do not want to "choke" beneficial technology. For investors, this means that throughout the year, both positive news (e.g., approval of the first fully licensed stablecoin, launch of new tools based on them) and negative ...

... as real estate or funds. Short-Term Bonds: These provide quicker access to funds than frozen deposits and carry lower risks. Use Multiple Banks: Distribute your savings across different institutions, focusing on large or state-backed banks to reduce risk. Sergey Tereshkin, Open Oil Market: My Thoughts on Financial Security As the founder of Open Oil Market, I remain optimistic about the resilience of Russia, its financial system, and its people. Despite challenges and rumors, the country has shown its ability to overcome difficulties and move forward....

... it is essential to understand what the company plans to spend the raised funds on. If the SPO is directed toward promising projects or business expansion, this is a positive signal. Conversely, if the money is needed to cover losses or pay dividends, risks are higher. Financial condition of the issuer. Analyze key financial indicators of the company – revenue, profit, profitability, debt load. Strong past performance does not guarantee future project success, but it does help assess the business's stability. Pay ...

... difficult to sell these securities quickly (low liquidity). Yield: Investors receive a higher coupon—usually 1–3% more than standard bonds from the same bank. Access to such issues is often restricted to qualified investors due to the increased risk. Before purchasing, it is essential to carefully examine the credit rating of the bank and its financial condition. Who is the Issuer of a Bond? The issuer of a bond is the entity that issues the bond and attracts borrowed capital. For example, the government is the issuer of OFZ and other government bonds, while banks and companies are the issuers ...