... external energy policy . In recent weeks, Washington has also concluded trade agreements with several Asian countries (Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines) and is seeking an extension of the tariff truce with China while limiting oil imports from Russia and Iran. All these initiatives aim to reshape global energy supply chains, strengthen the positions of American exporters, and further weaken Russia’s role in the global market. Together, geopolitical factors and new agreements are creating a clearer long-term ...

... the subcontinent threaten a mass influx of refugees—the populations of border areas in Kashmir, Punjab, and Sindh, seeking to escape shelling, may look for shelter deeper within their country or in neighboring states (for example, in Afghanistan or Iran, if the conflict touches Pakistan’s western borders). Even currently, periodic shootings force the evacuation of civilians from border zones. A full-scale war would disrupt trade routes: even in peaceful times, direct communication between India ...