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Oil plays an important role in the financial performance of Russian Railways (RZD). The OPEC+ deal has led to a reduction in the transportation of petroleum products, but they remain the most profitable cargo on the railways.
... 2023, maritime petroleum product exports from Russia were 2.60 million bpd, while in May 2024, they were 2.13 million bpd, according to S&P Global Platts.
However, despite the reduction in loading, oil and petroleum products remain the second most important group of freight for rail transport in Russia. In the first half of 2024, the volume of loading for oil and petroleum products was second only to coal (169.2 million tons vs. 104.4 million tons for oil and petroleum products). Additionally, ...
Pre-IPO Market: Features, Stages, Risks, and Strategy
... Compare the proposed valuation with comparable companies (public firms in the same sector). Utilize multiples (P/E, P/S) for benchmarks, tying them to current and expected company indicators. The size of the discount to the anticipated IPO price is also important: the lower the current valuation relative to potential, the higher the likelihood of profit. Overestimated valuation diminishes deal attractiveness.
Deal terms. Analyze the agreement details: the type of shares being issued (common or preferred),...
Startup and Venture Investment News - August 11, 2025: Megafunds, AI Rounds, and IPOs
... startup Vast Data, specializing in data storage systems for AI, is negotiating a multi-billion-dollar funding round at a record valuation. Investors are willing to invest in the “picks and shovels” of the AI ecosystem, recognizing the strategic importance of this infrastructure. Consequently, such megadeals are spawning a wave of new “unicorns,” especially within the artificial intelligence sector and related industries. In the second quarter of 2025, nearly half of all venture investments ...
How AI is Changing Internet User Habits and Disrupting Search and Advertising Business Models — Implications for Tech Stock
... one of the most resilient and flexible business
strategies
in the tech sector, capable of transforming technological trends into competitive advantages.
Stock Market: Fundamental Analysis of AI Impact
For the investment community, it is critically important to assess how the described changes are transforming the fundamental indicators of companies. Established models of revenue and cash flow forecasting are being reconsidered in light of the AI factor. Risks and opportunities are unevenly distributed: ...
700% Inflation in Russia: How Prices and the Ruble Exchange Rate Have Changed Since 2001
... burdens, changes in production and transportation costs, as well as the weakening of the ruble.
What Factors Have Influenced Inflation Growth?
Weakening of the Ruble
The dollar exchange rate increased 3.4 times over 23 years, leading to higher costs for imported goods and components.
Rising Raw Material and Energy Prices
Domestic prices for oil, gas, and electricity have increased, impacting the cost of goods and services.
Changes in Tax Policy
The introduction and increase of excise taxes on fuel, tobacco,...