... companies to change the direction of deliveries based on market conditions. This creates vulnerabilities for European countries as they become dependent on the unpredictable behavior of suppliers. Increased Competition for LNG Resources In the context of global energy instability and a sharp increase in demand for natural gas, many countries are actively competing for access to LNG supplies. The U.S. prefers to serve regions where gas prices are higher, providing suppliers with greater profits. Consequences for Europe Energy Crisis and Rising Prices The shortfalls in LNG from the U.S. undermine Europe's energy stability, leading to higher gas prices and complicating the task for European ...

... China, while the UK has yet to realize Brexit, which could lead to its fragmentation, among other issues. Concurrently, the global economy is showing very slow and insignificant growth, particularly in the manufacturing sector. However, there is no need ... ... yield a decent return, particularly for corporations based on the continent. In the case of unpopular sectors, the risk of stock price declines is very low. Alternative Markets A promising alternative to European markets is the Asian markets. This includes ...

... privatizing shares of state enterprises became one of the ways to expand the market, encouraging companies to go public. After the global financial crisis of 2008, IPO activity in Russia sharply declined: in the subsequent decade, public offerings became rare.... ... lawyers, and auditors to assist with the IPO process. Underwriters evaluate investor demand and help determine the estimated price range for the offering. Contracts are signed: in a firm commitment arrangement, the bank agrees to purchase the entire issuance,...

... for collective investment in diversified portfolios of stocks or bonds. Ruble-denominated funds track indices of Russian or global markets, while some ETFs invest in gold or oil. Returns of such funds are close to market rates, and taxes are paid at ... ... requires a significant initial capital outlay, and liquidity is low — a property can be difficult to sell quickly at full price. Nonetheless, over 10–15 years, real estate values in cities typically appreciate, providing genuine capital growth and ...

... 2011–2013: Gazprom was at the peak of its power. High demand for Russian gas in Europe provided the company with a capitalization close to $200 billion. 2014–2016: The initial Western sanctions following the annexation of Crimea and the drop in global energy prices hit revenues hard. The market valuation of Gazprom began to decline steadily. 2022: The escalation of the conflict in Ukraine and subsequent severe sanctions marked a turning point. The European Union sharply reduced purchases of Russian gas, effectively ...