... are projected to grow about +6.8%, then the pace slows to +5.7% in 2026, +4.1% in 2027, and +3.2% by 2028. This implies inflation will remain significant early on but is forecast to trend toward the ~4% target by the end of the period. Thus, despite prices eating up part of the nominal gains, Russians should still see their purchasing power increase by a few percent each year in real terms. Impact on Consumption and Economic Growth Rising household income typically provides a strong stimulus to consumption. An increase in real incomes means families have more money to spend on goods and ...

... increase U.S. imports, Europe would require major upgrades and new terminal constructions. Cost Considerations: U.S. LNG tends to be more expensive due to higher liquefaction and transatlantic transportation costs. For European consumers, this means increased gas prices. In 2023, U.S. LNG prices in Europe averaged 15-20% higher than Russian LNG prices. Logistical Risks: Transporting LNG from the United States depends on stable shipping routes and significant logistical resources. Higher import volumes may strain ...

... political stability. 2008-2009: the global financial crisis led to a sharp drop in the index, reflecting the negative impact on the Russian economy. Recovery was gradual. 2010-2014: a period of relative stabilization and growth, largely due to high oil prices and increased investment. 2014-2016: geopolitical tensions and falling oil prices caused a significant decrease in the IMOEX value. Sanctions from Western countries also had a negative impact. 2017-2022: the period is characterized by volatility associated ...

... ruble loses its value, imported goods become more expensive. This means that Russians spend more on foreign-made goods, such as cars, electronics, medicines, and even some food products. Higher cost of living for citizens: Devaluation leads to higher prices for goods and services, which increases inflation. As a result, the purchasing power of Russians decreases, and life becomes more expensive. Benefits for exporters: Companies that sell their goods and services abroad receive income in foreign currency. When the ruble weakens, they ...

... tech platforms via ETFs. Precious Metals and Currency Assets Gold. Gold is viewed as a "safe haven" against inflation and strengthens the portfolio during crises. In 2024, the price of gold in rubles rose approximately 30% (due both to global price increases and ruble depreciation). Gold does not generate coupons, but can serve as insurance: if the ruble falls, gold and dollars will increase in ruble terms. The downside is the lack of regular income, and price increases are not guaranteed (e.g.,...