... leads to a decline in oil refining margins. In this situation, oil companies have no choice but to compensate for losses through higher exchange prices. It is worth noting, however, that the damping mechanism depends on petroleum product quotations in Europe, as well as the exchange rate of the ruble. This does not involve cutting subsidies but changing macroeconomic conditions. Oil and petroleum products have fallen in price worldwide, and the ruble has strengthened against the dollar. According to ...

... year, some major gasoline producers are experiencing forced downtime, reducing fuel output and causing financial losses. These interruptions result from drone attacks damaging refinery infrastructure and sanctions restricting equipment supplies from Europe and North America. For example, in Q1 2024, the Nizhny Novgorod Refinery reduced gasoline production by 36%, and Kirishinefteorgsintez in the Leningrad region cut output by 7.7%, according to CDU TEK data. At the same time, oil companies are ...

... of companies, providing strategic guidance and assistance in securing subsequent funding rounds. Geographical Diversification In recent years, Sequoia Capital has been expanding its operations beyond the United States, investing in startups in Asia, Europe, and other regions. This strategy enables the firm to diversify its assets and discover promising companies in new markets. Startup Selection Principles Sequoia Capital employs stringent criteria for selecting startups for investment. The selection ...

... gains are taxed at 13%. The liquidity of large-cap stocks is typically high. Foreign Assets and Funds. To diversify, a portion of funds can be invested in foreign markets through ruble-denominated ETFs and mutual funds tracking global indices (the USA, Europe, Asia) or commodity assets. This broadens investment horizons but adds currency and geopolitical risks. Historically, global stock indices have shown average annual returns exceeding 7–10%. Investing in foreign stocks and funds can help reduce ...

... suffered due to restrictions, such as oil and gas, financial services, metallurgy, and technology. Sectors that are likely to benefit from the easing of sanctions: Energy sector - Russia will once again be able to strengthen its position in the markets of Europe and Asia, which will increase budget revenues. Financial services - Russian banks, having gained access to international payment systems, will be able to improve the quality of their services, which will increase their profitability. Technology ...