... advantages and risks associated with such transactions, and how to evaluate promising projects. Pre-IPO Market: Characteristics, Stages, Risks, and Strategy Pre-IPO (Pre-Initial Public Offering) is a stage of financing for a private company preceding its planned IPO, or public offering of shares on the stock exchange. At this stage, investors have the opportunity to acquire a stake in the company before it goes public, typically at a lower price. Pre-IPO placements attract experienced investors, as ...

... affecting the internal rate of return on projects. This necessitates adjustments to forecasts and payback periods for investments. Capital Investments: slow growth in throughput may delay large-scale investments in port capacity expansion. Nonetheless, it is crucial to maintain long-term investments in infrastructure to support the strategic directions of the industry. Financial Risks: increased volatility in demand and external conditions necessitates reserving funds for unforeseen expenses, reducing ...

.... This helped European stock indices maintain their achieved levels. Investors continue to monitor news from major banks and industrial leaders in Europe, but key quarterly reports are now behind, and as of August 17, no significant releases are scheduled ... ... results for the first half of the year during these days (for instance, on August 16, PJSC "Sovcomflot" presented its IFRS report for six months), but the main reports from blue-chip companies are still ahead. The largest state-owned companies ...

... times (such as hot summers with widespread air conditioning use). India, with substantial coal reserves, is also increasing its usage: more than 70% of the country's electricity is generated from coal-fired power plants, and absolute consumption rises ... ... Indonesia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, and others) are implementing new coal power projects to meet the growing demands of populations and industries. Global coal market supply has adjusted to high demand. Major exporters – Indonesia, Australia, Russia, and South ...

... despite the environmental costs. To enhance energy supply reliability, governments are investing in energy storage systems (industrial batteries, pumped-storage hydroelectric plants) and smart grids capable of flexibly responding to variations in generation.... ... that by 2026–2027, renewable sources may surpass coal in terms of electricity generation worldwide, definitively outpacing it. However, in the coming years, there remains a need to keep some conventional power plants on standby as a safeguard against ...