... Exchange reached historical highs (AI-95 grade rose above 75,000 rubles/ton), creating additional pressure on independent filling stations and consumers. The causes include a combination of seasonal factors (increased summer demand from agricultural and tourism sectors) and supply constraints. Several oil refineries halted part of their capacity for scheduled repairs between June and July, reducing gasoline and diesel production. Additionally, certain major players, as determined by the Federal Antimonopoly ...

... records and placing increased burdens on independent gas stations and consumers. The causes of the crisis are a combination of high seasonal demand and limited supply. Demand for fuel surged from the agricultural sector (harvesting campaign) and the tourism industry during summer, while supply decreased due to scheduled maintenance work at several oil refineries ( refineries ) in June and July. The situation was further exacerbated by the behavior of certain large producers: as established by the ...

... in the world; direct trade between India and Pakistan is limited to a few hundred million dollars, whereas the potential is estimated to be in the tens of billions. The hostility hampers the creation of transport corridors, joint energy projects, and tourism exchanges, depriving the citizens of both countries of the benefits of peaceful coexistence. These hidden losses also undermine regional stability and prosperity. Thus, the conflict between India and Pakistan is not a local issue, but a factor ...