... errors. Conduct Periodic IP Audits An intellectual property audit can help identify unregistered assets, detect threats, and determine measures to protect key technologies and brands. Consider International Protection If the startup plans to operate in international markets, it is essential to apply for the registration of patents and trademarks in countries where commercial activities are anticipated. For example, this can be done through the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) system for patents or the Madrid Agreement system for trademarks. Examples of Successful Intellectual Property Protection in Russia Yandex The company actively uses patents to protect its technologies, including search algorithms and machine learning. This allows Yandex to maintain leadership ...

... supply routes are emerging. In the Middle East, Turkey has commenced supplies of Azerbaijani natural gas to Syria – a notable development that diversifies energy supply in the region and partially fills the gas shortage in the Syrian market. Global Agreements and Politics: Trade De-escalation vs. Sanction Pressure On the international stage, two opposing trends continue to unfold. On one hand, there is de-escalation of trade conflicts between leading economies, and on the other, geopolitical confrontation is intensifying. A key event in recent days has been the conclusion ...

... investors and industrial consumers. Market participants are closely monitoring further steps by the EU to strengthen energy security—including discussions on new storage filling regulations and potential restrictions on Russian gas imports. Global Agreements and Policy: Trade Thaw vs. Sanction Pressure The international agenda intertwines two opposing trends: on one hand, the de-escalation of trade conflicts between major economies, and on the other hand, the escalation of geopolitical rhetoric. A key event in recent days was the trade-energy deal between ...

... general public and is conducted among a limited number of investors, unlike a public IPO. Document formalization. A share purchase agreement is signed, and amendments are made to the company's charter detailing the rights of new investors. Often, restrictions ... ... diversification. Meanwhile, fund managers handle the entire transaction end-to-end—from due diligence to exit strategy. In international practice, hybrid formats are also found: convertible loans or equity options issued in the final stages before an ...

... industrial demand maintain balance in the market. Overall, European gas prices are currently significantly lower than the crisis peaks of 2022; however, any supply disruptions or an early cold spell in the fall could once again heighten volatility. Global Agreements and Policy: Trade De-escalation and Sanction Pressures In international affairs, a significant recent development has been the U.S.-EU trade and energy deal, accompanying enhanced sanctions pressures on Russia. Washington and Brussels have crafted agreements aimed at preventing a new trade war: mutual understanding ...