... understand to which category the investment instrument belongs. Different assets come with varying levels of risk. The least risky investments tend to be secure fixed-income instruments that guarantee capital return. For instance, bank deposits and government bonds are typically considered low-risk: the bank returns the deposit amount (within government-insured limits), while a reliable issuer pays the stipulated interest on bonds. Medium-risk levels are generally associated with balanced investments, such ...

..., as they could negatively affect the standard of living of citizens, the level of employment and social stability. Despite this, reducing spending could have a short-term effect, reducing the need for new borrowing. 3. Selling additional government bonds The government can increase the volume of government bonds with attractive yields to attract more funds to finance the debt. This may temporarily improve the fiscal position of the budget, but will also increase the interest payment obligations in the future....

... Portfolio Diversification is a key tool for risk management. Invest in a variety of assets to reduce reliance on a single income source. In the Russian market, you can combine investments in large companies' stocks ("blue chips"), corporate and government bonds, as well as real estate. Investing in different assets minimizes the likelihood of losses if one of them declines in value, creating more stable income. 4. Choose Stocks of Stable Companies For stable income, consider stocks of well-known Russian ...

... market, but the accompanying macro conditions (inflation and central bank policy) are key. In 2025, when nominal incomes are climbing at a record pace, inflation is still elevated – the Bank of Russia is keeping its key interest rate high. Yields on government bonds (OFZ) remain attractive under such circumstances. Investors anticipating a downturn in inflation by 2027–2028 might adopt a strategy of locking in these high yields: purchasing long-term OFZ now to gain not only generous coupon interest but also ...

... inflationary losses. In this scenario, the following may prove more resilient: Dividend-Paying Stocks: Companies able to generate stable cash flows and pay dividends may serve as defensive assets for investors seeking consistent income. Inflation-Linked Bonds: Government and corporate bonds indexed to inflation might help protect portfolios from currency depreciation. Gold and Other Defensive Assets: Historically, gold shows resilience to inflation and can serve as a capital preservation asset. Expectations ...