... prices. As of August 1, a temporary complete ban on the export of automotive gasoline for all companies, including major producers and refineries, has come into effect until August 31, 2025. This emergency measure aims to prevent fuel shortages in the domestic market and curb the wave of rising gasoline prices during peak summer demand (holiday season and harvesting campaign). Previously, restrictions only applied to traders and small refiners; however, by the end of July, wholesale gasoline prices had reached ...

... while in diesel shipments, it was 41% (35.7 million tons out of 87.9 million). Russian refineries, dating back to the Soviet era, were geared toward producing diesel for supplying heavy and freight vehicles across the USSR, which led to a surplus in the domestic market after 1991 that was used for export. At the same time, Russian diesel has remained competitive in international markets. According to the Federal Customs Service, in 2021, 75% of the export of summer diesel fuel went to EU countries, while only ...

... significant challenge to EU industries. He warned that Europe is on the verge of economic confrontation, which could shift global market dynamics. Macron argues that the EU must take bold steps to strengthen its independence and protect its internal market. Protectionist moves, such as high tariffs, subsidies for domestic industries, and restrictions on foreign companies, put European producers at a disadvantage. Macron suggests that without decisive action, European companies could suffer major losses, forced out of key markets in the US and China. Key Risks ...

... companies. Key factors include the size of the economy (GDP), level of wealth, quality of education and human capital, and demographic characteristics. Let’s explore their influence: GDP and Market Capacity: the larger the economy, the broader the domestic market and more accessible the resources. The U.S., with a GDP of over $25 trillion, is the world's largest market, providing startups with an opportunity to scale "at home" to enormous valuations before entering international markets. China ...

... emphasized that Europe stands on the brink of an economic confrontation that could significantly alter the balance of power in the global market. He believes that the EU needs to revisit its policy to strengthen independence and protect its internal market. Protectionist measures, such as the imposition of high tariffs, subsidizing domestic producers, and restricting foreign companies, put European manufacturers at a disadvantage. Macron stresses that a lack of decisive action from the EU could lead European companies to incur significant losses, forcing them to relinquish positions ...