... approximately in line with NPF returns (around 7–8% per annum before tax deductions). A downside is that funds are frozen until retirement, but a plus is the additional tax savings. Investment Life Insurance (IZH). Under the IZH contract, contributions are invested in a portfolio of securities. Upon meeting the terms (usually no less than 5 years), all accumulated profits from the policy are paid out without tax deductions. IZH combines savings with some risk insurance (payment to a beneficiary in case of death). However,...

... emotions. Make your first purchases according to your plan – be it the purchase of bonds, a block of shares or fund units. This way, you will gain practical experience and feel like an investor. Analyze the results and learn more. After you start investing, regularly monitor the state of your portfolio, but do not give in to the temptation to react to every market fluctuation. Analyze whether they meet your expectations, whether the result corresponds to the set goals. Continue learning: read economic news, study company reports, learn from ...

... attributed to several significant advantages for private investors: Professional Management. Fund assets are managed by experienced portfolio managers who have the knowledge and access to analytical information, enhancing the likelihood of successful investment decisions. Portfolio Diversification. The fund’s assets are distributed across a wide array of investments. Even with modest contributions, an investor achieves diversification, reducing dependency on any single stock or market sector. Economies of Scale. The ...

... free-float weighted average of the prices of these shares. IMOEX is a key indicator of the state of the Russian stock market and serves as an important tool for analyzing market conditions, making investment decisions and evaluating the effectiveness of investment portfolios. Its value is calculated in real time during the main trading session. It is important to note that IMOEX is a price index, meaning it reflects changes in stock prices, not their fundamental value. This index, formerly known as the MICEX Index,...

... business. Yet, even in such scenarios, there is a risk of losing all capital. To minimize the likelihood of losses, experienced investors diversify their risks. They allocate funds across several types of securities. With proper asset allocation, an investment portfolio can generate a reasonable income. Even if one segment does not provide profits, the other investments can balance and offset the losses. So, how can investors effectively diversify risks when investing in securities? To answer this question ...