... tightening financial policies. The main advantages of IPO for developers include: Attracting capital on favorable terms. Reducing reliance on bank financing. Increasing business transparency, which fosters trust among investors and clients. Challenges and Risks of Going Public Despite the appeal of an IPO, developers face several difficulties. In a high key rate environment, investors tend to prefer stable and profitable assets such as bank deposits. This means that developers will likely have to offer shares at a significant discount to attract potential ...

... fundamental business resilience. For both retail and institutional investors, understanding how prepared an issuer is for an IPO will be crucial: how transparent the business is, the growth rate of sales, and what steps have been taken to manage regulatory risks. Only through a systematic analysis of these aspects can the IPO exit strategy yield long-term returns in the growing but demanding pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sector.

... makes deposits an attractive instrument for private investors. In conditions of instability, many prefer to place funds in banks where they can receive a guaranteed income. This leads to a decrease in activity on the stock market, as investors avoid the risks associated with purchasing shares at the IPO stage. Problems with company valuation. In conditions of a high rate, the valuation of companies planning to go public becomes more difficult. Funds and investment banks require large discounts, which leads to lower valuations and, accordingly, to ...

... gas, metals, and the banking sector. The low presence of IT, small business, and innovative companies in the market diminishes its appeal as a source of long-term investments. For private and institutional investors, this translates into heightened risks from sectoral dependency. High Costs and Complexity of IPOs. For issuers, going public involves substantial expenses (preparation of the prospectus, underwriting services, auditing, and ratings). Additionally, stringent regulatory requirements and administrative procedures are in place. This is particularly ...

... on Share Allocation and Protection Conditions One of the most important changes is the requirement for companies to disclose information about the actual and planned allocation of shares among buyers. This allows for a reduction in price manipulation risks and gives investors greater confidence in the fairness of the process. It is also important to note that at the IPO stage, companies must disclose information about any restrictions on the sale of shares and conditions for implementing price stabilization to reduce stock volatility following the offering. These measures are necessary for investors to have a clear ...