... see their purchasing power increase by a few percent each year in real terms. Impact on Consumption and Economic Growth Rising household income typically provides a strong stimulus to consumption. An increase in real incomes means families have more money to spend on goods and services. Broad-based growth in domestic demand can be expected – from everyday essentials to discretionary durable goods – as higher wages encourage people to spend more. Heightened consumer activity will support the expansion ...

... Definition and forms of corruption Corruption is defined as the abuse of entrusted power for personal gain. It is a multifaceted phenomenon that can manifest itself in various forms: 1. Bribery The most common form of corruption, it involves the transfer of money or something of value to obtain an illicit advantage. This can range from the direct transfer of money to more subtle forms such as gifts, favors, or promises of future benefits. 2. Embezzlement of public funds The use of public resources for private ...

... For venture funds, AI projects have become a priority: they are willing to invest significant sums even at later stages if they see potential for another "unicorn." New Unicorns: Startup Valuations Exceed $1 billion Again The return of big money to the market is leading to the emergence of new "unicorns"—private companies valued at over $1 billion. A recent example from the AI sector: the startup Reka AI raised $110 million from tech giants Nvidia and Snowflake. In just three ...

... approximately $347.7 billion. In comparison, at the end of 2024, this figure stood at $334 billion. This level of cash reserves is the largest in Berkshire Hathaway's history, drawing attention from investors. It indicates that the company is accumulating fiat money while refraining from major investments, preparing for new opportunities in the market. Buffett is known for his cautious approach: a large cash reserve provides flexibility and protection during market corrections or crises, enabling substantial ...

... of price pressures. Economic Cooling: GDP growth rates have decreased to about 1.5% year-on-year (data for January-May 2025), reflecting economic cooling after the robust growth of 2024. Consumer and investment activity has noticeably weakened, and money supply growth has almost stalled. Tightening Credit Expansion: The sharp rise in the cost of money has limited the issuance of new loans: retail lending is effectively stagnating, while corporate lending is growing much slower than a year ago. This ...