... shape only in the late 2010s to early 2020s. Previously, such closed placements were accessible only to a narrow circle of large funds and wealthy investors. The mass involvement of private individuals required regulatory changes. In 2020, the Central Bank allowed non-qualified investors to participate in pre-IPO after passing a test (with a cap on investment amounts in the hundreds of thousands of rubles). Concurrently, several large financial companies launched specialized platforms for pre-IPO deals, and the Moscow Exchange announced plans to establish a separate over-the-counter segment for ...

... business's confidence in Bitcoin's long-term growth and its desire to benefit from its appreciation. Traditional financial institutions: Leading banks and payment networks are integrating cryptocurrencies into their services. Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank have launched platforms for trading and storing digital assets, providing affluent clients secure access to crypto investments. Payment giants Visa and Mastercard are expanding pilot projects for using stablecoins for international payments and testing the integration of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) into their networks. These steps by established financial ...

... business’s confidence in Bitcoin’s long-term growth and its desire to capitalize on its strengthening. Traditional Financial Institutions: Leading banks and payment networks are integrating cryptocurrencies into their services. Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank have launched platforms for trading and storing digital assets, providing affluent clients with secure access to crypto investments. Payment giants Visa and Mastercard are expanding pilot projects for using stablecoins for international settlements and testing the integration of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) into their networks. These steps by recognized financial ...

... through practice; it is not inherent, and mere theoretical knowledge is insufficient. To earn money without specialized knowledge, it is advisable to invest in areas where experienced individuals will manage the funds. For instance, one could open a bank deposit. Investments are a significant risk. No one is immune from bankruptcy or loss of money. Any business or initiative carries risk. However, this does not mean that one should give up and float along with the current. Those who are hesitant to invest large ...

... deceleration in the decline of the industrial sector. The rise in the composite PMI (to 49.8) and the services indicator suggests a revival of the business cycle, though the overall picture remains cautious. Considering inflation above 10% and the Central Bank of Russia's key rate (21%), the current PMI data corresponds to market expectations. Stable PMI readings may support the Russian stock market and interest in risky assets; however, inflationary risks prescribe caution in investment strategies. Services Sector The services sector displayed only moderate expansion in April. The PMI index held steady at 50.1, indicating very weak growth in the sector. Companies reported virtually stagnant new orders due to limited demand ...