... banks. In the event of non-payment, senior debts are serviced first, so they carry higher risks. In exchange, investors receive a higher coupon (usually 1–3% more). What to Look for When Choosing Bonds? When analyzing a specific bond issue, several important parameters must be considered. First and foremost is yield. There is current yield, which indicates the percentage you will receive in a year from the invested amount, and there is yield to maturity—the annual income if you hold the bond to ...

.... As many Russians purchase vehicles on credit, the increased cost of borrowing leads to a decline in the number of transactions. Fluctuations in the ruble exchange rate. The depreciation of the ruble against foreign currencies increases the cost of imported components. In the automotive industry, where the share of imported parts remains high, this leads to an increase in the production cost of vehicles. Low income levels. In recent years, the growth of the population's income has been weak, and ...

... with agreements on specific projects in the oil and gas sector; the main topic of discussions will not be 'oil and gas'. However, the meeting may establish new parameters for bilateral cooperation, which could include lifting the ban on energy resource imports from Russia as well as the return of American companies to the Russian market," the expert stated. According to Tereshkin, the return of U.S. companies is especially important for the implementation of Arctic and deep-water oil and gas ...

... inflation rates, and decisions by the Federal Reserve regarding interest rates. The published reports could considerably affect stock prices and forecasts for the U.S. market. Given the situation with oil prices, this week promises to be particularly important for traders and analysts. Key Economic Events and Corporate Earnings: Week of July 28 – August 1, 2025 Introduction: The last week of July and the first of August promises to be eventful for investors. The American U.S. market finished ...

... exchange rate of the dollar/euro against the ruble can either enhance or diminish ruble returns. In recent years, the depreciation of the ruble (or dollar appreciation) has boosted yields in rubles from foreign stocks. Over a 1–3 year horizon, it is important to remember that exchange rates are unpredictable. Mutual Funds and IIA. For beginners, mutual funds (PIFs and ETFs) are convenient. For example, accessible options include bond funds (government or corporate), the Moscow Exchange index fund ...