... and serve as a catalyst for impulsive price movements. Actions of Participants and Hedging Strategies Experienced traders and investors typically prepare in advance for the expiration period, especially when it involves such significant volumes. There ... ... available to mitigate risks: Hedging Positions: Market participants concerned about a potential unfavorable outcome may purchase protective put options or futures contracts to offset potential losses from price movements against their underlying assets. Setting ...

... These include companies in consumer goods and utilities, which are less sensitive to economic cycles. Defensive companies are indeed less susceptible to economic downturns. However, here’s the catch: most predicted bear markets do not materialize. Investors attempting to time the market in this way often end up buying defensive stocks at inflated prices, only to sell them at a discount later. At the same time, they miss out on the opportunity for gains from high beta stocks. The right way to protect a portfolio from bear markets or even black swan events is to diversify risk across asset classes. Investments such as hedge funds, private equity, commodities, and real estate are less sensitive to market volatility.

... Despite the many advantages, currency bonds cannot be considered a perfect investment tool. Like any other, they have their potential pitfalls. Before purchasing securities, one should be aware of several nuances: Currency bonds do not ensure that the investor is protected from the bankruptcy of the issuing company. It is vital to carefully select the enterprise whose securities are intended for acquisition. No one guarantees that the value of securities will increase. Price declines are also possible, leading ...

... derivatives Gazprom share futures are available on the Moscow Exchange, which provide additional opportunities for traders: Speculation: Futures allow you to earn on changes in the value of shares without having to own the underlying asset. Hedging: Investors can use futures to protect their portfolios from the risk of price fluctuations. Leverage: The ability to trade using leverage increases potential profitability, but also increases risks. Gazprom, being a public company with shares on the Moscow Exchange (ticker GAZP), ...

... aim of such collaboration is to ensure "fair pricing" for gold and other metals, promote mutual trade growth, and protect these operations from sanction risks. The new St. Petersburg platform is potentially open to participants from BRICS countries ... ... development of a proprietary gold trading infrastructure complements this strategy harmoniously. Market Impact and Benefits for Investors The emergence of a new trading platform could eventually lead to the establishment of an independent indicator of gold ...