... production is exported. However, most Russian refineries are owned by vertically integrated oil companies (VIOCs), which can distribute costs across segments, shifting them from refining to more profitable activities like extraction. Additionally, Russia's tax system supports domestic refiners by compensating part of their expenses for modernization, investments in refining, and fuel supply to the domestic market. This shields Russia somewhat from global trends but intensifies competition for market share....

... beforehand. Staff qualifications. Employees may have low expertise, and the workforce is often composed of friends and acquaintances, leading to a risk of high turnover after the sale. Debts. The company may have outstanding obligations regarding salaries, taxes, duties, or bank loans—all of which will fall to the new owner. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully review the balance sheet and supporting documentation before purchase. Outdated technological processes. These may significantly increase production ...

... profit. It is also important not to overlook government programs available in many civilized countries. These initiatives are aimed at economic development, with governmental bodies providing funds to companies that will subsequently contribute to the tax budget. However, it’s crucial to recognize that government institutions typically do not invest in risky enterprises; funds are most often allocated for the production of various goods. Additionally, special platforms that offer online credit to ...

... leading to crop rot. Conversely, the upper points may experience excessive dryness, necessitating additional irrigation. Registration. Business can be conducted as a sole proprietorship or as a formal legal entity. The form of ownership will affect tax benefits. To qualify for advantageous loans and government compensation, the enterprise needs to be registered. Insurance. Livestock and crops can be insured. In case of loss of plants or animals, the insurance company will compensate for the losses....

... gasoline in Russia on August 5 was 58.04 rubles per liter. There are about 1,333 liters of gasoline in a ton, so the wholesale price per liter of this grade is 55.32 rubles. However, the gasoline still needs to be delivered to gas stations, which also pay taxes, employee salaries, and spend money on maintaining operations. The damping mechanism has been in place in the Russian fuel market since 2019. In its entire history, it was only nullified once, in September last year, during the height of the ...