... Russia and the US in Alaska may impact energy cooperation despite threats of new sanctions. The gas market remains relatively calm: European storage facilities are approaching full capacity, and prices remain stable. Renewable energy continues to gain share, setting new records for electricity generation worldwide. In Russia, authorities have extended the ban on gasoline exports, aiming to curb domestic fuel prices amid peak summer demand. Below is a detailed overview of key events and trends in the ...

... predetermined price (strike) in the future. This means that the buyer can exercise their right if the market price of the asset at the time the option is exercised is higher than the strike. Example: Imagine that the strike price of a Call option on shares is 100 rubles. If the market price rises to 120 rubles, the buyer can exercise their right, buy shares at 100 rubles and lock in a profit of 20 rubles (excluding the premium). The seller of the option is obliged to sell the asset at the set price,...

... the beginning of a new wave of venture growth. Venture deals now cover all regions—from Silicon Valley and Europe to Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America. Particularly high activity is observed in the U.S. (which accounts for a lion's share of global investments, notably in the AI sector) and in the Middle East (where startup investment reached ~$2.1 billion in the first half of 2025, a 134% increase year-on-year). Europe is undergoing a landscape restructuring: Germany has, for the ...

... impact its operations. 4. Investment Terms and Protection of Investor Rights It is essential to understand the investment terms and ensure the protection of your rights: Investment Agreement Terms. Carefully read the terms of the agreement, including the share you will receive in the company, voting rights, participation in management, and potential exit conditions from the project. Liquidity of Shares and Options. Ensure that you have the opportunity to sell your shares or options in the future. It is ...

... any time before the expiration date if it is profitable to do so. Seller's obligations: The seller is obligated to fulfill the terms of the contract if the buyer decides to exercise their right. Example: An investor buys a call option on a company's shares with an exercise price of 100 rubles and a term of 3 months. If the market price of the shares rises to 120 rubles in a month, the investor can exercise the right and buy the shares at 100 rubles, locking in the profit. Differences between American ...