... as hedging against currency risks. Political and geopolitical situations. Political events, such as elections, trade wars, or sanctions, can affect asset values and economic forecasts. In such circumstances, it is vital to evaluate political risk levels ... ... be executed through purchasing physical metal, shares in gold mining companies, or exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Commodities. Oil, gas, copper, and other commodities can have significant price fluctuations but can also present opportunities for speculative ...

... predictable legislation, absence of geopolitical tension create favorable conditions for business, while political crises or sanctions can negatively affect the securities market. The goal of this stage is to identify the global trend. If the economy ... ... business. External factors specific to the sector are also taken into account: raw material prices (important for metallurgy, oil and gas), government regulation (for banks, the alcohol industry, etc.), technological changes in the market, etc. The result ...

... leads to an increase in the cost of imports—from raw materials to finished products. The rise in prices of imported goods automatically drives up the overall price level in the economy. Negative external factors. Supply shocks (global increases in oil prices, food prices, and other resources), as well as logistical issues or sanctions, can trigger accelerated inflation, even if the domestic situation is relatively stable. Inflation expectations. If the population and businesses are confident in further price increases, they tend to spend money faster or negotiate higher wages....

... Russia's external trade balance for June will be released. Previous months showed a reduction in the trade balance surplus compared to previous years, although it remains substantial. New figures will reflect the situation with exports and imports amid sanctions and price restrictions on raw materials. It is expected that Russia will maintain a trade surplus thanks to energy exports; however, its size may have decreased due to falling oil prices and reduced physical sales volumes. Investors will assess this data in the context of the stability of the ruble and budget revenues: a weaker export flow may increase pressure on the national currency and government finances, while a steady ...

.... Poor Sector Diversification. Currently, a significant portion of capitalization is concentrated in traditional sectors – oil and gas, metals, and the banking sector. The low presence of IT, small business, and innovative companies in the market diminishes ... ... of issuance remain high, many companies prefer to seek capital off-market or delay IPOs. Regulatory Barriers. Political and sanction pressures have complicated the return of foreign investments to the Russian market. While attracting foreign capital ...