... chain of traders. As a result, the selling price may be higher and more advantageous for the seller, while the buyer gets a lower price, which is also more attractive. We all know how fuel impacts the economy of a country: primarily, inflation, and high transportation costs. We calculated that the cost of fuel accounts for about 30% of the price of a loaf of bread. The share of fuel in other products, including the cost of building materials, is similarly high: the extraction of sand, the production ...

... significant resources to national security, maintaining a strong international military presence. Defense spending is a substantial factor in the growing debt. Infrastructure and Economic Support: Investments in infrastructure such as roads, bridges, public transport, and energy systems are essential for competitiveness but add to budget costs. Healthcare: Healthcare expenditures, including Medicare and Medicaid, are major budget items, especially as an aging population increases demand. Rising Cost of Debt ...

... been clarified, and Europeans are buying Russian gas through the remaining routes – via Ukraine and the Turkish Stream. In September 2024, Gazprom's exports to the EU reached 101 million cubic meters per day, of which 58 million cubic meters were transported via Turkish Stream, with the remaining volumes going through Ukraine. “Now, for Russia, this gas hub has become purely a matter of image. First, Russia initially proposed this Turkish gas hub, and it would not look good to back out of ...

... intermediaries, "mid-level" traders. These traders, in turn, raise the prices further and offer volumes for sale in the small wholesale market. What does the end consumer, who needs to periodically buy small volumes (50-100 tons) for their transport or equipment, do? Like 30 years ago, they scour the information space for reliable suppliers. There is no single platform with market prices, and the prices listed on websites are often quite vague. Therefore, the next step is for the consumer ...

... competition will lead to price reductions. Stankevich believes that the government, in cooperation with key oil industry companies, must ensure the smooth operation of fuel supply chains within the country. First and foremost, this applies to rail transport, to prevent local shortages in the regions. "For these purposes, an operational headquarters has already been created under the leadership of Alexander Novak. In addition to other officials, representatives from the Ministry of Agriculture ...