... (approximately ₽174 trillion), essentially doubling the current level. With GDP projected to be around ₽201 trillion in 2024, this indicates a substantial increase in capitalization from the current ~₽53–62 trillion (end of 2024 – beginning of 2025). Calculations by NAUFOR suggest that to achieve this target, the market needs to attract about ₽1.28 trillion annually through initial public offerings (IPOs). This totals over ₽8 trillion from 2025 to 2030. In contrast, the volume of IPOs in ...

... alliance with ten other countries, including Russia, in 2016 to reduce oil production, known as OPEC+. This recent increase marks the end of voluntary restrictions of 2.2 million bpd that were agreed upon by several countries in November 2023. In April 2025, the eight countries began a gradual rollback of these restrictions and started to boost production; their aim was to offset the 2.2 million bpd reduction by the end of September 2026. In April, the group produced 30.55 million bpd, an increase of ...

... authorities. This supports the perception of cryptocurrency as “digital gold” and an alternative to fiat currencies. Fundamental and Technical Analysis of Bitcoin Since the beginning of 2024, the price of Bitcoin has increased significantly: by January 2025, it briefly surpassed $100,000, and as of late April, it is trading around $94,000. Over the year, it remains approximately at the same level (YTD ~0%), although the history of cryptocurrencies is extremely volatile. Fundamentally, interest in BTC ...

... negatively impact businesses and consumers. Many enterprises will need to optimize resource usage to cope with high gas costs, which will also affect the EU's economy. Europe is facing serious challenges in securing gas supplies for the winter of 2024–2025. The reduction in Russian gas supplies, global competition for LNG, and unpredictable weather conditions underscore the necessity for strengthening energy security. The EU is taking active steps to diversify energy sources, build reserves, and improve ...

... project, and preliminary territorial planning work is actively underway. The physical construction is expected to begin in late 2025 or early 2026, and the pipeline will be fully operational by 2028. The plan is to deliver Russian oil via a new route through ... ... Urals-grade Russian oil. Secondly, any alternative route would incur higher delivery costs, which is a crucial factor for smaller economies. Furthermore, both the Croatian port and the pipelines to Hungary and Serbia may not provide sufficient capacity if ...