... significantly depend on Gazprom gas under previously concluded contracts. Political disagreements within the EU are manifested in the statements from leaders of these states—for instance, Hungary indicated that it would seek its own solutions directly with Moscow in the event of an EU-wide ban on Russian gas. Such signals highlight the limitations of a unified position within the bloc on energy security. Overall, there is a transforming landscape of global energy trade influenced by sanctions, trade disputes,...

... conflicts re-emerged as a focal point—U.S. tariff increases reminded investors of the ongoing risks to global trade. For CIS investors, geopolitical factors were particularly significant: Washington's rhetoric on Ukraine and potential sanctions against Moscow added extra volatility to regional markets. By the end of the week, the market has formed a clearer outlook: identified "weak spots" (e.g., in production data or cautious forecasts from certain companies) will be factored into valuations,...

... is more sustainable and healthier than the boom of the previous cycle. Conclusion: The startup and venture investment industry is entering mid-2025 on an upswing, with global reach and a diversity of opportunities. Investors—from Silicon Valley to Moscow and Dubai—are returning to the market, blending a desire for new unicorns with sound judgment. For startups, it is time to seize this window of opportunity: strong teams with innovative solutions and global ambitions can attract capital even ...

... ideological meaning. Every year on this day, across the country, May Day demonstrations were held—organized columns of workers marched down the main streets of cities with flags, banners, and orchestras. The main demonstration took place in Red Square in Moscow: thousands bore banners, portraits of leaders, and slogans supporting peace, labor, and friendship among nations. Leaders of the party and state stood on the tribunes of the mausoleum and government stands, greeting the workers. The holiday symbolized ...

... regulatory framework for share offerings has been established. A crucial element was the Federal Law "On the Securities Market" from 2002, which defined the rules for conducting public offerings of shares, including additional offerings. The Moscow Exchange and other trading venues gradually established regulations for conducting SPOs. The first active application of SPOs in the Russian market occurred in the mid to late 2000s. During this period, the transparency of companies improved, international ...