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700% Inflation in Russia: How Prices and the Ruble Exchange Rate Have Changed Since 2001
... increased, impacting the cost of goods and services.
Changes in Tax Policy
The introduction and increase of excise taxes on fuel, tobacco, and alcohol have led to significant price increases for these goods.
Global Economic Crises
The crises of 2008,... ... regulation of tariffs and taxes.
Since 2001, inflation in Russia has exceeded 700%, affecting all key sectors of the economy. Despite market adaptation, the decline in purchasing power remains a significant issue for the population. The future of inflation will ...
Analysis of PJSC Gazprom's RAS Report for the First Half of 2025
... year (before accounting for other factors).
Market conditions in H2 2025. The start of the autumn-winter season is traditionally accompanied by increased gas demand and potential price hikes. The European gas market, although not currently a primary market for Gazprom, influences global energy prices. If the winter of 2025/26 is cold, the price situation may improve and Gazprom could benefit from rising export prices to China (contracts with the PRC may be linked to global fuel prices, albeit with a lag). Additionally, gas exports to Asia will continue to grow: Gazprom plans to further increase supplies to China via the existing pipeline, approaching design capacity. The second half of the year will see the commissioning ...
Top 10 Cryptocurrencies as of April 2025: Overview of Best and Promising Cryptocurrencies
... many service operations (paying listing fees, participating in exchange games and promotions, etc.). Secondly, BNB serves as fuel for BNB Chain – all transactions and smart contracts in this network require payment in BNB. Thus, as the number of decentralized ... ... the success of Binance and the broader ecosystem. Many hold BNB long-term, anticipating growth alongside Binance’s expanding market influence.
Popularity and Prospects:
In 2025, BNB ranks among the top five largest cryptocurrencies, reflecting both the ...
CAPE Ratio of the S&P 500 Reaches Second Record: Is the Market Overheated?
.... Historically, periods of high CAPE values have been succeeded either by long-term stagnation or substantial market declines.
Why is the S&P 500 CAPE So High?
The rise in the CAPE ratio has been driven by several factors:
Record Levels of the Stock Market – the S&P 500 has set multiple new highs in 2024.
Investor Optimism – expectations of ongoing economic growth and declining Federal Reserve rates are fueling demand for stocks.
Growth in the Technology Sector – companies in the AI, chip, and Big Tech sectors continue to demonstrate strong profitability and attract capital.
Liquidity Influx – high levels of market liquidity are contributing to asset ...
Buffett Indicator Hits Records: A Sign of Overheating in the US Stock Market
... The Federal Reserve has paused interest rate hikes, and expectations of rate cuts make stocks more attractive compared to bonds.
Globalization of business.
Large U.S. companies derive a significant portion of their revenues from outside the U.S. Thus, market capitalization relative to U.S. GDP appears overstated – as it compares a global business to a local economic metric.
Technological boom.
Breakthroughs in IT (such as the development of artificial intelligence) fuel investor confidence in accelerated economic growth in the future. Today’s valuations of tech companies are partly justified by the fact that, unlike during the dot-com era, these businesses are already generating substantial profits and cash flows....