... non-qualified investors to participate in pre-IPO after passing a test (with a cap on investment amounts in the hundreds of thousands of rubles). Concurrently, several large financial companies launched specialized platforms for pre-IPO deals, and the Moscow Exchange announced plans to establish a separate over-the-counter segment for such operations. The first pre-IPO transactions in Russia were relatively small: according to the Central Bank's estimates, their total volume in the initial years did ...

... 7–8% YoY), the ruble remains relatively strong, and weak domestic demand creates conditions for easing monetary policy. If the Central Bank of Russia meets expectations and lowers the rate, it could stimulate the growth of bond prices and stocks on the Moscow Exchange. However, an unexpected pause or cautious rhetoric in the statement could disappoint markets, leading to a strengthening of the ruble and corrections in rate-sensitive sectors. 15:00 MSK – Press conference of the head of the Central ...

... previously signed contracts. Political disagreements within the EU are manifested in statements by leaders of these states—for instance, Hungary has indicated that, in the event of a EU-wide ban on Russian gas, it will seek its own solutions directly with Moscow. Such signals underscore the limitations of the bloc's unified stance on energy security. Overall, there is a transformation of global energy trade under the influence of sanctions, trade disputes, and strategic decisions made by countries. Although ...

... suppliers. However, a complete rejection of Russian gas has not yet been realized—some countries, such as Hungary, maintain high levels of purchases under contracts with Gazprom. Statements from Hungarian leadership about their readiness to negotiate with Moscow bypassing Brussels (in the event of an EU-wide ban on Russian gas) demonstrate the limitations of a unified position within the bloc. Overall, geopolitical risks remain one of the main drivers of the reconfiguration of global energy trade routes....

... contracts. Political disagreements within the EU are evident in statements from leaders of these countries — for example, Hungary has indicated that should a ban on Russian gas at the EU level be imposed, it will seek its own solutions directly with Moscow. Such signals highlight the limitations of a unified position within the bloc regarding energy security. Overall, we are witnessing a transformation of global energy trade influenced by sanctions, trade disputes, and strategic decisions by states....